A new technique for three-dimensional measurements of skin surface contours: evaluation of skin surface contours according to the ageing process using a stereo image optical topometer

The evaluation of skin surface contours can be carried out by various techniques, including the use of a stylus profilometer, a laserprofilometer and a conventional optical profilometer (COP). But these methods have some drawbacks because their data are basically obtained from two-dimensional algorithms. So a new technique has been developed based on a new concept: a stereo image processing technique which is considered in this paper. Since a pair of stereo images contains depth information, the 'disparity', or the difference between the left and right images, enables the production of three-dimensional coordinates. This study was performed to evaluate the change of skin surface contours according to the ageing process. The stereo image optical topometer (SOT) is a new instrument used for the three-dimensional evaluation of skin surface contours. Thus. five new parameters have to be developed, such as mean surface roughness (S(a)), mean depth of roughness (S(z)), three-dimensional length (S(L)), three-dimensional area (S(A)), and three-dimensional volume (S(V)). S(a), S(L) and S(A) have shown a statistically significant increase in the seventies age group. S(z) has also shown a significant increase in the twenties and over-sixties age groups. The coefficient variation of the height of the skin surface using a COP varies between 14.76 and 6.57, but that using a SOT is between 2.18 and 2.69, according to age variation. In conclusion, the SOT system is a more reliable and useful method for evaluating skin surface contours than the COP system. Among the three-dimensional parameters which were made in this study, S(A), S(L) and S(a) seem to be useful as reliable parameters for evaluating skin surface contours in the ageing process.

In vitro test approach

2002 Physiol Meas 2002 ;23 (2):247-59
Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Choongnam, Seoul, Korea.